Genetic testing

Genetic testing is gaining popularity in dietetics as a tool to support personalization of diet and lifestyle based on a person’s unique genetic characteristics. Rather than using one-size-fits-all recommendations, genetic analysis allows diet, physical activity and other lifestyle elements to be tailored to the body’s predispositions, which can significantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the diet. Genetic testing in dietetics involves the analysis of selected genes that can affect metabolic processes, nutrient tolerance, susceptibility to micronutrient deficiencies and even the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.

The primary advantage of genetic testing is its ability to identify individual nutritional needs. For example, people with a particular variation in the MTHFR gene may have difficulty converting folic acid into its active form, which can lead to an increased risk of deficiency. If this is the case, a nutritionist may recommend a form of folate that is better absorbed by the body. Likewise, genetic analysis can reveal sensitivity to caffeine or salt, allowing the intake of these ingredients to be adjusted to minimize their adverse effects on health. In some people, variations in genes can also affect how the body processes fats and carbohydrates. This information can be extremely helpful when composing a diet, especially if the goal is to reduce weight or improve the lipid profile.

Genetics also affect the body’s ability to handle physical activity. Tests can determine whether a person is more predisposed to endurance or strength training, allowing training to be optimally tailored to the genotype. This knowledge can help achieve better training results and reduce the risk of injury.

Genetic testing is also useful in diagnosing food intolerances and hypersensitivities, such as lactose intolerance or celiac disease. Knowing one’s predisposition, the patient can take preventive steps or limit the intake of problematic ingredients before more serious symptoms develop. In the case of lactose intolerance, analysis of the LCT gene can determine whether a person has a reduced ability to digest lactose with age, which can help plan a diet based on low-lactose or lactose-free products.

Before proceeding with genetic testing, it is worth remembering that while it can provide valuable information, it is not an “oracle.” Genes affect our health, but do not determine it completely. Factors such as lifestyle, diet, physical activity and stress levels also play a key role. Therefore, genetic testing is most effective when it is part of a holistic health strategy, based on a holistic approach to health and nutrition. The results should be interpreted by an experienced nutritionist or clinical geneticist, who will be able to discuss their significance in detail and make recommendations appropriate to the patient’s health situation.

Genetic testing is becoming a valuable tool to support a more informed and precise approach to health, enabling patients to better understand their bodies and respond to their individual needs. By implementing recommendations based on test results, patients can benefit from more personalized dietary care that is more likely to result in long-term health outcomes.